Quasi contracts

STANDING OFFER

      IT IS NOT A CONTRACT.
Standing offer is a type of offer in which a person offers to another for continuous supply of certain type of good of definite quantity for a definite period at a definite rate.
Standing offer are used for supplying goods in large quantities. When certain tender is accepted, it is intimated that the offer remains open.
The contractor agrees that it is not compulsory required to order a special number of goods by principal during the term of any contract.

FOR EXAMPLE:
'A' offer 'B' to sell 50,000 published books at ₹1000 per book during the year 2017-18. It is a standing offer. If 'B' accepts it, neither 'A' is bound to supply full quantity nor 'B' is bound to purchase the full quantity. 'B' is only bound to supply as much quantity for which actual order is placed. As much quantity is specified in contract they are only bound for that.

OFFER AND ACCEPTANCE

‌DEFINATION OF OFFER
According to  Indian Contract Act "when one person signifies to another his willingness to do or obtain from doing anything, with a view of obtaining the assent of that another to such act or obtinence. He is said to make a proposal."

‌ELEMEMTS.
(1.) It must be an expression of willingness to do or abstain from doing (not to do) anything.
(2.) It must be made to another person.
(3.) It must be made to obtain the assent of other person to such act.
(4.) It must be definite.
(5.) It must be communicated to the offeree.        
       
Proposer,offeror and promisor are the terms used for the person who make offer. While offeree, promisee and proposee is used for the person to whom offer is made.
 
                             °CROSS OFFER
                               °STANDING OFFER
                               °COUNTER OFFER
   KINDS OF OFFER                           
                               °SPECIFIC OFFER
                               °GENERAL OFFER
                               °IMPLIED OFFER                

                               ° EXPRESS OFFER

‌FOR EXAMPLE: Mr.'X' wants to sell his house fully equipped with furniture to Mr.'Y' and Mr.'Y' accepted the offer. In this example, Mr.'X' is a proposer,offeror who is making a special offer to Mr.'Y', while Mr.'Y' is the offeree. Since the offer got accepted it become a contract and Mr.'Y' become acceptor.
‌ If the same offer was given in any newspaper as an advertisement, then it would have become a General offer.

‌DEFINATION OF ACCEPTANCE
According to Section 2(b), "When the person to whom the proposal is made signifies his assent thereto, proposal is said to be accepted. A proposal, when accepted, becomes a promise."